Volume averaging of multiphase flows with hydrate formation in subsea pipelines

This paper presents new predictive models of multiphase flows in undersea pipelines to describe multiphase flows of gas/water and gas/hydrate particles through a pipeline. The conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy are formulated and simplified based on the flow condition in the pipe of interest in this paper. The equations are solved semi-numerically to determine the phase fractions, gas density, velocity, pressure and temperature. The predictive models are validated against benchmark cases with mixture properties, and the comparison exhibits relatively good agreement.