Nonrigid external fixation of the elbow, coxofemoral, and tarsal joints in dogs.

Nonrigid external fixation of a joint is designed to restrict abnormal joint movement and facilitate healing of traumatized ligaments and capsule tissue with minimizing the impact of immobilization on articular homeostasis and cartilage metabolism. Weight bearing and joint motion minimize muscle atrophy and loss of bone mineral and allow controlled loading of the ligaments, thereby improving their strength and functionality. This article describes simple, cost effective techniques for the percutaneous application of external fixators to the elbow, coxofemoral, and tarsal joint of dogs.