Marine icing phenomena on vessels and offshore structures: Prediction and analysis

Past progress in prediction and modeling of ice accumulation on marine vessels and structures located in cold seas and ocean regions is reported and examined in this paper. Research studies have developed models for the estimation of sea spray icing, which is the main reason of marine platforms icing. The phenomenon of sea spray icing is one of the major hazards in cold regions. Hence, prediction, assessment and computation of the icing growth rate and the amount of ice accumulation are important but also challenging. The paper briefly reviews sea spray icing models, along with various experimental, theoretical and numerical approaches. An overall survey shows that outstanding past results were based on field observations and followed by empirical tests. Then, theoretical investigations formulated the experimental results. Also, numerical simulations have led to many predictions of icing phenomena as the supplementary research. In this paper, the sea spray icing models are classified based on when the research was conducted. To obtain more accurate and realistic results from marine icing models, evaluations of the various models have been discussed.