Spatial multiplexing: Solving information bottlenecks in real neural systems and the origin of brain rhythms

Geometrical constraints limit how much information can be received and emitted along real pathways across the boundary of any processor. Applied to central nervous systems this imposes a seemingly impassable bottleneck to the evolution of large brains. A small brain could never access enough information to warrant a larger brain. A small brain could not send enough information to operate a large body. Larger bodies are needed to support larger brains. Thus, with a rare exception, there are no invertebrates with large brains or large bodies. It is proposed that a convergent-divergent scanning neural network developed which enabled vertebrates to squeeze more information through this bottleneck by "spatial multiplexing". This reduces the number of pathways into, between and from processors by a factor of 16 while maintaining spatial and intensity accuracy. This paper describes spatial multiplexing using downloadable spreadsheet models and shows how the necessity of scanning likely introduced brain rhythms.